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@#AIM:To compare the effect of comprehensive treatment in children with anisometropia and strabismus amblyopia.<p>METHODS: Prospective study. Forty-six individuals(mean age 9±3 years old, 26 males, 20 females)with previously untreated monocular amblyopia were recruited in our hospital from July 2018 to January 2020. There were 23 patients with strabismus monocular amblyopia(mean age 9±3 years old, 12 males, 11 females)and 23 patients with anisometropia monocular amblyopia(mean age 9±3 years old, 14 males, 9 females). The best corrected visual acuity(Tumbling E Chart)and stereopsis(Titmus)were measured before and after a 6mo period of comprehensive treatment(refractive correction, patching and precision eyesight training). The differences of monocular visual benefits(visual acuity)and binocular visual benefits(stereopsis)between two groups before and after treatment were compared. <p>RESULTS: Before treatment, there was no significant difference of best corrected visual acuity between anisometropia amblyopia and strabismus amblyopia(<i>t</i>= -0.475, <i>P</i>>0.05), but the stereopsis of strabismus amblyopia was significantly lower than that of anisometropia amblyopia(<i>t</i>= -3.919, <i>P</i><0.001). After 2mo treatment, there was a significant difference in best corrected visual acuity benefits between anisometropia amblyopia and strabismus amblyopia(<i>t</i>= -2.946, <i>P</i><0.01), but there was no significant difference in stereopsis benefits between anisometropia amblyopia and strabismus amblyopia(<i>t</i>=1.305, <i>P</i>>0.05). After 6mo treatment, there was a significant difference in visual acuity benefits between anisometropia amblyopia and strabismus amblyopia(<i>t</i>= -2.353, <i>P</i><0.05), and there was also a significant difference in stereopsis benefits between anisometropia amblyopia and strabismus amblyopia(<i>t</i>=2.218, <i>P</i><0.05). However, the stereopsis of strabismus amblyopia was still lower than that of anisometropia amblyopia at 6mo(<i>t</i>=-2.760, <i>P</i><0.01).<p>CONCLUSION: We conclude that the stereopsis of patients with strabismus amblyopia is more severe than those with anisometropic amblyopia before treatment under the same visual acuity. The visual acuity of patients with anisometropic amblyopia recovers faster than patients with strabismus amblyopia through treatment. While the stereopsis of patients with strabismus amblyopia recovers faster than patients with anisometropic amblyopia, but the level of stereopsis with strabismus amblyopia is still lower than that of patients with anisometropic amblyopia.
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Atopic dermatitis is a chronic， refractory and inflammatory skin disease with the clinical manifestations of severe pruritus and recurrent attacks. It has a high incidence and is closely correlated with other allergic， autoimmune or infectious diseases， which can cause a variety of secondary diseases and mental and psychological disorders， seriously affecting the life quality of patients. Chinese herbal medicines have been used for the prevention and treatment of atopic dermatitis for thousands of years， and many Chinese herbal medicines （including compound prescriptions） effective for this disease have been recorded. These medicines generally have little adverse reactions and the treated patients have low recurrence rate of atopic dermatitis. According to the evidence of modern medicine， the onset of atopic dermatitis is related to the impairment of skin barrier function， abnormal immune response， and abnormal differentiation of mast cells， antigen-presenting cells， and eosinophils. Additionally， it is associated with mental， endocrine， metabolic and other factors. The defect of skin barrier function and the dysfunction of immune system are the main pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis. In recent years， scientists have achieved certain progress in improving skin barrier function with Chinese herbal medicines. This paper systematically summarizes the studies about the application of Chinese herbal medicines in regulating the expression of epidermal proteins， epidermal lipids， aquaporins， tight junction proteins， and antimicrobial peptides in recent 10 years， aiming to clarify the pathological mechanism and provide reference for the clinical research and application of Chinese herbal medicines in the treatment of atopic dermatitis.
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Atopic dermatitis （AD） is a chronic， recurrent and inflammatory skin disease. Modern medical research suggests that AD is related to immune function， genes， skin barrier and other factors， while the specific etiology and pathogenesis remains unclear. The disease has a long course and is prone to reoccur， which seriously affects people’s production and life. Steroids， antihistamines and immunosuppressants are commonly used western medicines for the treatment of AD， which， however， will cause adverse reactions after long-term application. Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history， good therapeutic effect and rich clinical experience in the prevention and treatment of AD， and the research on the treatment of AD with TCM has been intensifying. Centering on the theory of TCM， we systematically summarized the research progress related to AD， discussed the etiology and pathogenesis of AD， and summarized the TCM syndrome differentiation of AD from the aspects of eight principles， etiology， Qi-blood-body fluid， zang-fu organs， six meridians， defense-Qi-nutrient-blood and triple energizer. According to the etiology and pathogenesis of AD， we proposed the therapeutic regimens corresponding to the type and stage of the disease. Considering the research progress achieved in the recent years in the prevention and treatment of AD by TCM and the modern pharmacological research on Chinese medicinal materials， we reviewed the classic famous prescriptions， self-made prescriptions and Chinese patent medicines， and expounded the mechanisms of single Chinese medicinal materials in the treatment of AD at the molecular level. The TCM external therapies such as wet compress， medicated bath， gel and ointment are safe and effective. Acupuncture and moxibustion play a role in the prevention and treatment of AD， which is worthy of promotion in clinical practice， and the syndrome differentiation methods of Qi-blood-body fluid and triple energizer are novel in the treatment of this disease. TCM， characterized by diverse therapeutic methods and good clinical efficacy， is worthy of promotion in the treatment of AD， which will contribute to the development of TCM in China.
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Vitiligo is a common pigmentary disorder characterized by localized or generalized depigmentation of the skin， resulting in milky white or light pink patches with smooth surface but no rashes.Modern medicine believes that it is closely related to immune function， oxidative stress， autoimmune destruction of melanocytes， heredity， and neurochemical factors， but the specific pathogenesis is still unclear.Due to the easy diagnosis but hard management and the high recurrence rate， vitiligo has seriously affected the quality of life and mental health of patients.At present， it is mainly treated with glucocorticoids， immunomodulators， vitamin D3 derivatives， and antioxidants in western medicine， and the resulting short-term outcomes are satisfactory.However， a series of side effects may be caused by the long-term use.Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） has a long history of dealing with vitiligo.Guided by the rich experience accumulated in daily practice， it exerts the preventive and therapeutic effects against vitiligo via multiple components， multiple targets， and multiple pathways， without inducing obvious adverse reactions， which has made it widely concerned by many doctors and scholars.As the research concerning the prevention and treatment of vitiligo with TCM intensifies， more and more single Chinese medicinals， Chinese medicinal monomers， and compound prescriptions have been proved to play a therapeutic role via multiple mechanisms.After reviewing the articles on the alleviation of vitiligo with TCM published in the past five years and retrieved from the literature databases， this paper summarized the efficacy of TCM in regulating immune dysfunction， improving oxidative stress injury， protecting melanocyte function， adjusting mitochondrial structure and function， and controlling the alteration of intestinal micro-flora and abnormal microRNA （miRNA） expression， so as to clarify the pathogenesis of vitiligo and provide theoretical and scientific basis for the in-depth study and clinical application of TCM in the prevention and treatment of vitiligo.
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Objective : To study therapeutic effect of ticagrelor on patients with clopidogrel resistant acute coronary syndrome (CPGR‐ACS).Methods :A total of 138 patients underwent PCI and suffered CPGR‐ACS after PCI in our hospital were selected .Patients were randomly and equally divided into routine treatment group (received intensive therapy of clopidogrel + aspirin) and ticagrelor group (received ticagrelor + aspirin) ,both groups were treated for 90d .Platelet inhibition rate (PIR) ,serum levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐2 andhsCRP ,heart rate vari‐ability (HRV) before and after treatment ,incidence of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) and hemor‐rhage were observed and compared between two groups .Results :After treatment ,compared with routine treatment group ,there was significant rise in PIR [ (25. 76 ± 4.63)% vs.(43.97 ± 6.43)%] ,and significant reductions in ser‐um levels of MMP‐2 [(44.85 ± 4. 51) ng／mlvs.(36.96 ± 3.72) ng／ml] and hsCRP [(11.64 ± 1. 2) mg／L vs.(7. 15 ± 0. 72) mg／L] ;significant rise in SDNN [ (62. 87 ± 6.33) msvs.(96.86 ± 9. 72) ms] , SDANN [ (37. 62 ± 3. 81) msvs.(46.38 ± 4.72) ms] , rMSSD [ (25. 70 ± 2.61) ms vs.(38.27 ± 3.93 ) ms] , PNN50 [ (3. 61 ± 0.37)% vs. (4. 93 ± 0. 51)%] and HF [ (163. 27 ± 16. 42 ) ms2 vs.(178. 68 ± 18.21 ) ms2 ] , and significant reduction in LF [ (283. 62 ± 28. 90) ms2 vs.(197.32 ± 20.18) ms2 ] in ticagrelor group , P＝0.001 all.Incidence rate of MACE in ti‐cagrelor group was significantly lower than that of routine treatment group (2. 90% vs.15.94%, P＝0. 009).There was no significant difference in incidence rate of hemorrhage events between two groups , P＝ 0.229. Conclusion :Ticagrelor possesses significant therapeutic effect on patients with clopidogrel resistant acute coronary syndrome , and it＇s safe .
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Because of the rapidly rhythm of modern society, fast food and take-out become the main dining methods for most of young people,while the outside foods always have few types of foods and nutrition is not complete. Nutrient imbalances may cause many diseases such as gastrointestinal diseases,cardiovascular diseases,diabetes,obesity,and cancer.In this environment,health products have emerged.At present,there are a wide variety of health care products at home and abroad,which are broadly divided into three categories:traditional vitamins,emerging nutrient products,and extracts of natural plant active ingredients.In the early 1970s,the sales of health products in the United States had reached 170 million dollars.At present,it has nearly 100 billion dollars,which is almost 1/3 of the total food sales, people's demand for health products is increasing rapidly. In recent years, Chinese medicine health products become more popular in western,in fact, Chinese medicine health products have a long history of application in China and have a good reputation in the folk. Obviously, Chinese medicine health products have great potential for development.So this article mainly compared the de-velopment and state of health products between China and west countries.Based on the development of health products in western countries, this article analyzes the development trend and prospects for the development of Chinese medicine health products. It is roughly divided into three parts. The first part introduces the development reasons and history of western health products development.The sec-ond part introduces the history of Chinese health products and the current situation of Chinese medi-cine health products. The third part guesses the development trend of Chinese medicine health prod-ucts and provides some development ideas. The purpose of this airticle is to provide reference and ideas for the future research and development of traditional Chinese medicine health products.
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Psoriasis is a chronic,refractory,inflammatory skin disease that occurs in young adults.The traditional animal model cannot simulate the skin characteristics of patients with psoriasis effectively, so it is difficult to be used for in-depth study of psoriasis mechanism. Immortalized human epidermal cells (HaCaT)is a non-tumor,immortalized human epidermal cell which is widely used in the study of dermatosis.HaCaT cells are the best choice for the study of psoriasis mechanism because their immu-nological characteristics and reproductive ability are coincide with the pathological features of psoriasis. This article reviews the specific methods such as establishment of cell method, cytokine and chemo-kine analysisin the pathogenesis study of psoriasis based on HaCaT cells, hoping to provide some thoughts for drug′s pharmacological activity research.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in salivary gland and its influencing factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical and following-up data of 76 patients with ACC in salivary glands were reviewed. Major gland tumors represented 35.5% whereas minor gland tumors comprised 64.5% of the cohort, with 8 cases (10.5%) in stage I, 23 (30.3%) in stage II, 18 (23.7%) in stage III and 27(35.5%) in stage IV. Survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Merier method. Cumulative survival curves were evaluated using the Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed by Cox proportional hazard model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The regional recurrence rate was 28.9% and distant metastasis rate was 21.1%. The overall 5-year survival rate, tumor-free survival rate and tumor-related survival rate were 73.7%, 61.8% and 74.9% respectively. The overall 10-year survival rate, tumor-free survival rate and tumor-related survival rate were 48.2%, 39.8% and 56.2% respectively. Univariate survival analysis showed pathological type, clinical stage and perineural invasion were relevant to the prognosis of ACC and multivariate analysis showed they were the independent prognostic factors of ACC in salivary gland.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Clinical stage, pathological type and perineural invasion were the independent prognostic factors for adenoid cystic carcinoma in salivary gland. Surgery was the first choice for the treatment of adenoid cystic carcinoma in salivary gland, and postoperative radiotherapy may prolong the tumor-free survival time of patients in stage III and IV.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic , Diagnosis , Multivariate Analysis , Prognosis , Retrospective Studies , Salivary Gland Neoplasms , Diagnosis , Survival RateABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the prognosis of adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) in minor salivary glands and its influencing factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical data of 52 patients with ACC in minor salivary glands were reviewed. The distribution of stage was as follows: stage I (6%), stage II (21%), stage III (27%) and stage IV (46%). Counting data was analyzed by χ(2) test or Fisher's exact. Survival rates were calculated by Kaplan-Merier method. Statistical significance of differences in the cumulative survival curves was evaluated using the Log-rank test. Multivariate analysis was performed by Cox proportional hazard model.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients underwent primary tumor radical resection, 39 patients (75%) received postoperative radiation. The regional recurrence rate was 37% and distant metastasis rate was 21%. The 5-, 10-year cumulative local control rate were 68% and 63% respectively. The 5-, 10-year cumulative distant control rate were 86%, 68% respectively. The 5-, 10-year tumor specific survival rates were 70% and 54% respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that T stage, lymph node metastasis and perineural invasion were relevant to the tumor specific survival of ACC in minor salivary glands.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Recurrence and metastasis were the main cause of treatment failure of ACC in minor salivary glands. T stage, lymph node metastasis and perineural invasion were the independent prognostic factors of ACC in minor salivary glands. Radical surgery and reasonably postoperative radiotherapy were the main treatment strategy.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Carcinoma, Adenoid Cystic , Pathology , Radiotherapy , General Surgery , Cobalt Radioisotopes , Therapeutic Uses , Follow-Up Studies , Lung Neoplasms , Lymph Node Excision , Lymphatic Metastasis , Neoplasm Invasiveness , Neoplasm Recurrence, Local , Neoplasm Staging , Particle Accelerators , Proportional Hazards Models , Radiotherapy, Adjuvant , Salivary Gland Neoplasms , Pathology , Radiotherapy , General Surgery , Salivary Glands, Minor , Survival RateABSTRACT
Medial pontine reticular formation (mPRF),an important part of brainstem reticular formation, has drawn great attention from anesthesiologists due to its close relation with not only consciousness, but also analgesia, muscle relaxation and autonomic reflex. Progress in related research may provide evidence for understanding the mechanism of general anesthesia; meanwhile,it may serve as an effective anesthesia target site, which may contribute to improvement in anesthetic effect and reduction of complications.
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<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) in Tca8113 cell, and to investigate its relationship to the chemoresistance. METHODS; The Tca8113 cell line was cultured by IMDM and the concentration of Pingyangmycin (PYM) added to Tca8113 cell line was increased gradually and continually, which was to induce the PYM-resistance in Tca8113 cell line. The sensitivity of Tca8113 cell to PYM and expression of XIAP were measured with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) chromatometry and reverse transcription-polymerase chain raction (RT-PCR). The XIAP level in the cells and its chemoresistance to PYM were analyzed by linear regression.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The IC50 of Tca8113-1-10 group and Tca8113-10-10 group were(12.758 +/- 0.030), (18.986 +/- 0.150) microg x mL(-1) respectively. The IC50 of Tca8113-1-20 group and Tca8113-10-20 group increased to (26.302 +/- 0.072), (35.294 +/- 0.115) microg x mL(-1) respectively. There was a relation between XIAP and the drug-resistance in Tca8113 cell.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>XIAP may play an important role in the chemoresistance which might serve as a new therapeutic target for oral squamous cell carcinoma.</p>
Subject(s)
Humans , Apoptosis , Bleomycin , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell , Cell Line, Tumor , Drug Resistance, Neoplasm , X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis ProteinABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To analyze the related factors of neck recurrence and regularity of cervical lymph nodes metastasis of pathologically node positive (pN+) tongue squamous cell carcinoma(SCC) and explore the neck treatment strategy for pN+ tongue SCC.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Clinical and follow-up data of 138 patients with pN+ oral tongue SCC from Jan. 1991 to Dec. 2008 were reviewed. Distribution of neck metastatic and recurrent lymph nodes were analyzed. The influencing factors of neck recurrence of pN+ tongue SCC were analyzed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>All patients were followed over two years or until death. Using Kaplan-Meier method, the 3-year and 5-year overall survival rates were 46.4% and 36.2% respectively. Two hundred and three levels of 138 patients had metastasis and the involvement frequency of ipsilateral I, II, III reached to 94.6%. Sixty-six levels of 47 patients had neck recurrences and the involvement frequency of ipsilateral I, II, III reached to 77.3%. pT stage, pN stage, pTNM stage, extracapsular spread (ECS) of cervical lymph nodes were relevant to the neck recurrence of pN+ tongue SCC (all P < 0.05). When ECS of cervical lymph nodes was present, the neck recurrence rate of patients with postoperative radiation was lower than patients without postoperative radiation, but P value failed to demonstrate significant difference (P = 0.076). There were no significant difference of neck recurrence rates between different neck dissection methods (P > 0.05). Multivariate Cox analysis showed that pTNM stage and ECS of cervical lymph nodes were the independent prognostic factors of pN+ oral tongue SCC.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>pT stage, pN stage, pTNM stage, ECS of cervical lymph nodes were the influencing factors of neck recurrence of pN+ tongue SCC. Postoperative radiation may reduce the neck recurrence rate when ECS was present. There was no difference of the neck recurrence rate between modified neck dissection (MRND) and radical neck dissection (RND) and when the non-lymphatic structures were not involved, MRND should attempted. Metastatic and recurrent lymph nodes of pN+ tongue SCC were mostly distributed in ipsilateral I, II, III level and selective neck dissection (SND) can be applied to pN+ tongue SCC.</p>